Kutheni kungenakucutha umxholo weoksijini ukuphucula ubomi bokudinwa kokuthwala intsimbi? Emva kokuhlalutya, kukholelwa ukuba isizathu kukuba emva kokunciphisa inani le-oxide inclusions, i-sulfide engaphezulu iba yinto engathandekiyo echaphazela ubomi bokukhathala kwensimbi. Kuphela ngokunciphisa umxholo we-oxides kunye ne-sulfide ngexesha elifanayo, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ubomi bokukhathala bentsimbi yokuthwala bunokuphuculwa kakhulu.
Ziziphi izinto eziza kuchaphazela ubomi bokukhathala kokuthwala intsimbi? Ezi ngxaki zingasentla zicazululwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Impembelelo ye-nitrides kubomi bokudinwa
Abanye abaphengululi baye babonisa ukuba xa i-nitrogen ifakwe kwintsimbi, umthamo we-nitrides uyancipha. Oku kubangelwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bokufakwa kwintsimbi. Unyino lwetekhnoloji, kusekho inani elikhulu lokubandakanywa kwamasuntswana amancinci kuno-0.2. Yiyo kanye ubukho bala masuntswana amancinane e-nitride anefuthe elithe ngqo kubomi bokudinwa kokuthwala intsimbi. I-Ti yenye yezona zinto zinamandla ukwenza i-nitrides. Inomxhuzulane ocacileyo omncinci kwaye kulula ukudada. Inxalenye ye-Ti ihlala kwintsimbi ukwenza i-multi-angular inclusions. Ukufakwa okunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele uxinzelelo lwengingqi kunye nokuqhekeka kokukhathala, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulawula ukuvela kwezinto ezinjalo.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba umxholo we-oksijini kwintsimbi uyancitshiswa ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-20ppm, umxholo we-nitrogen uyanda, ubukhulu, uhlobo kunye nokusabalalisa okungenayo i-metallic inclusions kuphuculwe, kwaye ukufakwa okuzinzile kuyancipha kakhulu. Nangona iinqununu ze-nitride ekunyuseni kwentsimbi, iinqununu zincinci kakhulu kwaye zisasazwa kwimeko esasazwayo kumda wengqolowa okanye ngaphakathi kweenkozo, eziba yinto efanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi yokuthwala kuhambelana kakuhle, kwaye ukuqina nokomelela kwentsimbi kwanda kakhulu. , ngokukodwa umphumo wokuphucula ukudibanisa ubomi bokukhathala kuyinjongo.
2. Umphumo wee-oxide kubomi bokudinwa
Umxholo we-oksijeni kwintsimbi yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela izinto eziphathekayo. Okukhona usezantsi isiqulatho seoksijini, kokukhona buphezulu ubunyulu kwaye kokukhona ubomi obulinganiselweyo buhambelanayo. Kukho ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi komxholo we-oksijini kwintsimbi kunye nee-oxides. Ngexesha lokuqina kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo, ioksijini enyityilisiweyo yealuminiyam, icalcium, isilicon kunye nezinye izinto zenza iioksidi. Umxholo wokufakwa kwe-oxide ngumsebenzi we-oxygen. Njengoko umxholo we-oksijeni uyancipha, i-oxide inclusions iya kuncipha; umxholo we-nitrogen ufana nomxholo we-oksijeni, kwaye unobudlelwane obusebenzayo kunye ne-nitride, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-oxide ihlakazeke ngakumbi kwintsimbi, idlala indima efanayo ne-fulcrum ye-carbide. , ngoko ke ayinayo impembelelo eyonakalisayo kubomi bokukhathala kwentsimbi.
Ngenxa yobukho beeoksidi, intsimbi iyonakalisa ukuqhubeka kwe-matrix yesinyithi, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-coefficient yokwandisa i-oxides incinci kune-coefficient yokwandisa ye-bearing steel matrix, xa iphantsi koxinzelelo olutshintshanayo, kulula ukuvelisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. imvelaphi yokudinwa kwesinyithi. Uninzi lwexinzelelo loxinzelelo lwenzeka phakathi kwe-oxides, i-point inclusions kunye ne-matrix. Xa uxinzelelo lufikelela kwixabiso elikhulu ngokwaneleyo, ukuqhekeka kuya kwenzeka, okuya kwandisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kutshabalalise. I-plasticity ephantsi ye-inclusions kunye ne-sharter shape, i-concentration enkulu yoxinzelelo.
3. Umphumo wesulfide kubomi bokudinwa
Phantse wonke umxholo wesulfure kwintsimbi ukhona ngendlela yeesulfides. Ukuphakama kwesulfure kwintsimbi, iphezulu i-sulfide kwintsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-sulfide inokuthi ijikelezwe kakuhle yi-oxide, impembelelo ye-oxide kubomi bokudinwa iyancitshiswa, ngoko ke impembelelo yenani lokufakwa kubomi bokukhathala ayikho Ngokupheleleyo, ehambelana nendalo, ubukhulu kunye nokusabalalisa. ukubandakanywa. Okukhona kukho ukufakwa okuthile, kokukhona ubomi bokudinwa busezantsi, kwaye ezinye izinto ezinempembelelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi. Ekuthwaleni isinyithi, i-sulfides ihlakazwa kwaye ihanjiswe ngendlela efanelekileyo, kwaye ixutywe kunye ne-oxide inclusions, okunzima ukuyichonga nangeendlela ze-metallographic. Iimvavanyo ziqinisekisile ukuba ngesiseko senkqubo yokuqala, ukwandisa inani le-Al kunefuthe elihle ekunciphiseni i-oxides kunye ne-sulfides. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Ca inamandla ngokufanelekileyo e-desulfurization. Ukufakwa kunempembelelo encinci kumandla, kodwa kuyingozi ngakumbi kukuqina kwentsimbi, kwaye iqondo lomonakalo lixhomekeke kumandla ensimbi.
U-Xiao Jimei, ingcali eyaziwayo, ibonise ukuba ukufakwa kwintsimbi yinqanaba eliqhekezayo, i-fraction ye-volume ephezulu, i-low-toughness; ubukhulu bezinto ezifakiweyo, ngokukhawuleza ukuqina kuncipha. Ngenxa yokuqina kokuqhekeka kwe-cleavage, ubungakanani obuncinci bokufakwa kunye nokuncinci kwesithuba sokufakwa, ukuqina akugcini nje ukunciphisa, kodwa kwanda. Ukuqhekeka kwe-cleavage akunakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla e-cleavage fracture. Umntu wenze uvavanyo olukhethekileyo: iibhakethi ezimbini zetsimbi A kunye ne-B zohlobo olufanayo lwetsimbi, kodwa ukubandakanywa okuqulethwe nganye kuhluke.
Emva kokunyanga ukushisa, iibhetshi ezimbini zeentsimbi A kunye no-B zafikelela kumandla afanayo we-95 kg / mm ', kwaye amandla emveliso yeentsimbi A kunye ne-B ayefana. Ngokumalunga nobude kunye nokunciphisa indawo, intsimbi ye-B ingaphantsi kancinane kune-A steel isafaneleka. Emva kovavanyo lokukhathala (ukugoba okujikelezayo), kufunyenwe ukuba: Intsimbi yinto ehlala ixesha elide kunye nomda wokukhathala okuphezulu; I-B yinto emfutshane yokuphila kunye nomda ophantsi wokudinwa. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-cyclic yesampuli yensimbi iphezulu kancinci kunomda wokukhathala we-A steel, ubomi bentsimbi ye-B kuphela yi-1/10 yensimbi ye-A. Ukufakwa kwintsimbi A kunye no-B zii-oxides. Ngokubhekiselele kwinani elipheleleyo lokubandakanywa, ukucoceka kwensimbi A kubi kakhulu kuneyensimbi B, kodwa iinqununu ze-oxide zensimbi A zinobukhulu obufanayo kwaye zihanjiswe ngokulinganayo; intsimbi B iqulethe ezinye iinqununu ezinkulu, kwaye ukusabalalisa akufani. . Oku kubonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba imbono kaMnu Xiao Jimei ichanekile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-25-2022